Types Of Therapies For Cancer Treatment Essay - 1558 Words

INTRODUCTION There are many different types of therapies for cancer treatment. Chemotherapy is the most common and following that is immunotherapy. A recent method has been discovered that is a targeted therapy. The recent discovery of targeted therapies has offered a wealth of improvements in the field of oncology. Targeted therapy is the most recent type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to attack solely cancer cells while trying to minimize the damage to normal cells. Targeted therapies attack the programming inside cells, what sets them apart from healthy normal cells. A recent targeted therapy of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) have been revealed to provide an alternative therapy for cancers that involve mutations in the genes: BRCA1 and BRCA2. These two genes are involved in repair of double stranded break (DSB). When either gene is mutated, the change can lead to errors in DNA repair that can cause cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PAR Ps) are enzymes that have been recently recognized as critical regulators of cell survival and cell death. Drugs that inhibit PARP-1 help fight cancers caused by mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. MECHANISM OF ACTION A research group in France discovered that flooding BRCA gene deficient cells with DSBs leads to cell death, and to do this they increased the number of SSBs thereby blocking the enzyme Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Blocking this enzyme using various drugs is what isShow MoreRelatedCommon Treatment Options For Esophageal Cancer1524 Words   |  7 Pagesmost common type of cancers around the world is esophageal cancer. The common risk factors that increase esophageal cancer are the use of tobacco and alcohol, and gastric reflux. More men than women are affected by esophageal cancer [7]. 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The links between the three are quite extraordinary. Cancer is a disease that accounts for 13% of all deaths in the world (Delfino and Day 1). The disease has an impact on patients, friends and their love ones. According to WebMD, radiation is energy that travels in the form of waves through radiation therapy. Through radiation therapy, radiation is used to stop, slow or cure the growth of cancer. With technolo gy, radiologists can treatRead MoreThe Many Uses of Radiation in Medicine651 Words   |  3 Pagesthink cancer. There are many uses of radiation in medicine. There are several ways to detect forms of cancer in the body. One form of detection is having a positron emission tomography scan also knows as a PET scan. Radiation is also used as a therapy through the use of a treatment using chemotherapy. There is also a form of treatment called Radiation therapy that is used as a medical use. 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The Effects of Rap Music on Children Free Essays

Xavier Miranda Professor John Mammen English 1301 23 June 2012 The Effects of Rap Music on Children â€Å"There is no danger of developing eyestrain from looking on the bright side of things. † This quote fits perfectly with this topic. Too many people look at the negativities in music, Rap music to be specific. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Rap Music on Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rap music can have negative effects on those who listen to it, but just as easily and equally have a positive and beneficial outcome. Yes, many rappers use vulgar derogative terms to describe women and may influence its listeners to break the law or things of the like; but it can also open our eyes, we can learn new things from it and it can influence us to be better people and do things, good things, with our lives. Now Rap isn’t anything new it’s been around since about the 1970’s and been influencing those who listen to it for about 40 years now (â€Å"Rap†). When people hear the term â€Å"rap music† their initial thought will be â€Å"that’s bad† or â€Å"that’s demeaning to women† which in a sense is true. For example the song â€Å"Walk this way† performed by Aerosmith and Run D. M. C. is about how a young high school student is lead through his first sexual experience by a debauched cheerleader. In a better known song â€Å"Make it Rain† by Fat Joe he says â€Å"Owwwww mami’s body is banging, man/ she got it, man/ she does it all She gets it popping with no hands† And then there’s the song almost everybody knows by Jay-Z. â€Å"99 problems†, where he refers to women as â€Å"bitches†. Songs like these make women seem like tools and expendable creatures, and may influence children that listen to this type of rap to treat women as such, â€Å"but many of them were influenced as teenagers by gangster rap. Perhaps I should start using words like, niggers, hoes and slut-bitches since I would only be reflecting my society’s music† (Leary). But the best example, to make this point clear, is the music video â€Å"Every girl† by â€Å"Young Money†. In the video there are females dressed promiscuously throughout and the lyricist admits to wishing he could have sexual intercourse with every girl in the world. There many other songs that contain this type of disrespect towards the female sex, which gives a more credible argument to those who don’t like rap. Another point people may make against Rap music is the fact that many Rappers Rap and live very violently. Eminem is at the top of my list when it comes to being violent. There’s the song â€Å"Who knew? † in which he defends himself by saying: â€Å"I never knew I, knew I’d effect this kid/ I never knew I’d, get him to slit his wrist/ I never knew I’d, get him to hit this bitch† Although the song in and of itself is a bit ironic, Eminem acknowledges the fact that now he knows he can influence his listeners with his music. And in â€Å"Love the Way you Lie† in which he says the following verse â€Å"If she ever tries to fucking leave again/ Im’a tie her to the bed and set this house on fire. † we see again the violence, and the music video for said song is of a couple who constantly fight and by the end of the song the couples house is up in flames. â€Å"One study found that young subjects who watched violent rap videos were more accepting of violent actions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Copley) and these lyrics that we very well hear over the radio and in our everyday lives promote breaking or disregarding the law, and many people still stop and wonder why the world is so violent. But like stated at the beginning of this paper there is a bright side to this moon. Before writing this paper laziness overcame me and I began to procrastinate and started listening to music and then the song â€Å"Airplanes Part 2† by B. o. b. feat. Eminem came on. Towards the end of the song Eminem says the words â€Å"Pretend he procrastinated had no motivation/ Pretend he just made excuses that were so paper thin they could blow away with the wind† which is what I was doing and it â€Å"turned me on† and opened my eyes. As the song finishes Eminem continues to rap in third person about himself and how if it wasn’t for this one moment in his life that he had not chased his dream he wouldn’t be who he wanted to be. I then proceeded to get up and write this paper. So this song had an effect, a positive one on me. And it can have similar effects on others who listen to it. The language most rappers use is profanity, but a handful of rappers use uncommon words to express themselves, which can lead to one finding out the definition of the word and later possibly using them in school work. For example Eminem uses the word â€Å"antidisestablishmentarianism† which is a political position in the Anglican Church that chooses to withdraw support from certain churches. And needless to say I used it in a world history paper. There’s also some songs by the rapper Immortal Technique who uses biblical metaphors in his music like in the song â€Å"Point of no Return† he asks us to open our eyes and actually see what’s going on around us because the end of the world is near. Music like everything else has a good side and a bad side. Most people ignore the good and disregard Rap music as a whole. As expressed in this paper, yes it can have negative effects and influence children to do bad things but it can also influence them in a good way and even give them certain tools to use in the future. Works Cited Copley, J.. â€Å"Rap Music’s Psychological Effects. † Psychology at suite 101. Glam Entertainment, 2008. Web. 8 May 2012. http://jennifercopley. suite101. com/rap-musics-psychological-effects-a53370. Leary, sam . â€Å"Gangster rap has negative impact on society. † The Daily Campus. N. p. , 2002. Web. 8 May 2012. â€Å"Rap† Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Ed. Colin Larkin.  © Muze Inc and Oxford University Press, Inc. 2009. Encyclopedia of Popular Music: (e-reference edition). Oxford University Press. Tarrant County College. 8 May 2012 http://www. encpopmusic4. com/entry? Entry=t270. e52529 Lyrics â€Å"Make it rain† Artist â€Å"Fat Joe† Website â€Å"lyrics. com† â€Å"Who Knew† Artist â€Å"Eminem† Website â€Å"lyrics. com† â€Å"Love the way you lie† Artist â€Å"Eminem† Website â€Å"lyrics. com† â€Å"Airplanes Part 2† Artist â€Å"B. O. B. feat Eminem Website â€Å"lyrics. com† How to cite The Effects of Rap Music on Children, Essay examples

Structure and Sticky Costs Accounting Research MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Structure and Sticky Costs Accounting Research. Answer: Introduction: Analysis and classification of cost involves the grouping of the overall cost into different logical groups based on a suitable approach. Classification of cost to Ocha Limited is crucial for controlling the cost and the purpose of decision-making. Cost can be classified into mixed, variable and fixed. The variable costs are those that varied with the amount of production or activity (Duan, Jing Lu, 2014). For example, the organic tea, spices and chemical products used by Ocha Limited for producing tea-flavoured ice cream, lollipop will increase with the increase in production. The fixed costs are those costs that do not change with the change in production level. For example, the cost incurred by Ocha Limited for the sales force and marketing team staff will not change with the change in production level. On the other hand, the mixed cost involves the elements of fixed as well as the variable costs. The utility bill that has to be paid for the production of various products of the company is recognised under the mixed cost. The cost for mixing process will be higher if more items put into the the mixing process (Persello et al., 2014). Understanding the behaviour of cost assists the management in various ways. For instance, Mr. Tomohiro can prepare the budget to forecast the costs and the measure the profits and then compare the actual amount with the budgeted one. Understanding the costs types that he is is incurring for his business will assist him to develop the proper mix for and the product volume that shall be manufactured to generate high level of profits for the company (Patil, Sherekar, 2013). This method is known as Cost-Volume-Profit analysis. Further the information of classification of cost will help Mr. Tomohiro for the calculating how many items he will have to produce for the break-even and cover the costs. Further, it is crucial to differentiate the costs into indirect and direct while making decisions regarding whether to purchase or make a specific product. Direct costs can be attributed to the production of a product, particular department or project. On the other hand, the costs those are expensed by the company but cannot be identified to the production of a particular item. For instance, the salary paid to the managerial staffs cannot be charged against one particular item. Understanding the behaviour of cost assist in calculating the overall cost of a product or project at projected volume; therefore, while making decisions regarding the cost, classification of cost plays an important role (Lo, Lin Wang, 2014). Usage of costing technique With the given scenario of Mr. Tomohiro for his company Ocha Limited, activity based costing (ABC) will be suitable for their business as they deal with various products for which they have to use various raw materials and various other overheads are involved in the process of the items like ice cream and lollipop (Balakrishnan, Labro Soderstrom, 2014). ABC system is the accounting system that recognizes the activities that an organization performs and then allocates the indirect costs to the products. The indirect costs like salaries to office staffs and management staffs are sometime tough to allocate to a particular product. ABC analysis is business term that is used to define the categorization technique for the management of material. This method is also known as the selective inventory control. The policy control under the ABC analysis provides accurate records and tight control on the items that are classified as A and good records and less control on the items that are classified as B. ABC system uses various cost drivers while allocating the overheads to the products. The multi-objective approach is also also implemented to offer better description for the trade-offs involved under the cost driver selection process. The cost driver under the ABC system led to the alteration in the cost of the activities. Cost driver is the factor that causes change in the activity cost. ABC systems focus on the attention of the management on the reasonable costs of the asset. It presupposes that the consumption of the resources leads to costs and the products incur the costs through the activities that are required for designing, marketing, invoicing and deliveries. The ABC costing system is beneficial in the following ways: Accurate cost of the product ABC assist in reliable and accurate determination of cost through focussing on the effect and cause relationship in the cost system. It identifies that it is the activities that leads to incurring of costs. In the circumstances of advanced manufacturing technology where the support functions and the overheads that constitute the large share for the total costs, the ABC offers more realistic costs for the product. Information regarding the behaviour of cost ABC recognizes the actual nature of the cost and assists in reducing the cost of the identified activities that are not attributed to the product value. With the ABC approach managers will be able to control the fixed overheads costs through exercise of more control on the activities that will fix the overhead cost. Recognition of overhead cost through ABC systems the overhead costs like manufacturing processes, customer related overheads, marketing overheads and allocation of overheads in appropriate manner (Kaplan Atkinson, 2015). Management of cost ABC offers rate of cost drivers and information related to the transaction volumes that are very crucial to the management for managing the costs and for the purpose of responsibility centres appraisal. The rate of cost driver can be advantageously used for the designing of new products or improve the existing products. Usefulness of ABC systems to Ocha Limited ABC system can offer better information system related to the costs nd assist the management to manage the business effectively and get better perceptive of the companys competitive advantages, weaknesses and strengths. It is obvious that Mr. Tomohiro, CEO of Ocha Limited will search for better costing system like ABC if they experience increase of lost sales due to the incorrect pricing that may results from the inaccurate costing of data. The ABC system is more effective with the firms dealing with various products, for instance, as Och Limited is dealing with various products like ready-to-drink beverages, tea flavour chillers, tea flavoured ice cream and lollipops. Moreover, though the sales level of Ocha limited has been increased between 2011 and 2016, they face huge competition from domestic as well as international competitors. The competitors offer faster delivery and lower prices for shelf space that cannot be offered by Ocha Limited at these moments. Therefore, through app lication of ABC, the CEO can have an idea for selling of which product will increase the profits and in which area the costs can be reduced to maximise the profits. Further, production of their products includes various overheads related to mixing process, sales mix and marketing mix. Therefore, through ABC, the overheads can be allocated on suitable manner to increase the profitability (Kaplan Anderson, 2013). Reference Balakrishnan, R., Labro, E., Soderstrom, N. S. (2014). Cost structure and sticky costs.Journal of management accounting research,26(2), 91-116. Duan, W., Jing, L., Lu, X. Y. (2014). Imbalanced data classification using cost-sensitive support vector machine based on information entropy. InAdvanced Materials Research(Vol. 989, pp. 1756-1761). Trans Tech Publications. Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015).Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Kaplan, R., Anderson, S. R. (2013).Time-driven activity-based costing: a simpler and more powerful path to higher profits. Harvard business press. Lo, H. Y., Lin, S. D., Wang, H. M. (2014). Generalized k-labelsets ensemble for multi-label and cost-sensitive classification.IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,26(7), 1679-1691. Patil, T. R., Sherekar, S. S. (2013). Performance analysis of Naive Bayes and J48 classification algorithm for data classification.International Journal of Computer Science and Applications,6(2), 256-261. Persello, C., Boularias, A., Dalponte, M., Gobakken, T., Naesset, E., Schoelkopf, B. (2014). Cost-sensitive active learning with lookahead: Optimizing field surveys for remote sensing data classification.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,52(10), 6652-6664.